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诺贝尔奖，岂是随便说说而已？

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系统分类：默认个人分类：默认

　我们似乎仍然挣扎于正确认识自己在这个世界的位置，而一年一度的诺贝尔奖，除了给我们提供一年一次盲目自大或者盲目自卑的＂理由＂之外，或者也可以提供我们机会了解别人到底做了些什么来＂赢得＂这个荣誉的丰碑，或者也可以了解其实这个奖项不是随便说说或者不用脑子豁出一百多斤就可以得来的（下文二），以及正牌的诺贝尔和平奖获得者为我们的世界作出了多少一般人无法相提并论的贡献；最终，这或者可以帮助我们慢慢琢磨自己在这个纷繁世界中的位置，并成为更有建设性的世界公民．

至于诺贝尔文学奖得主Ｊｅａｎ－ＭａｒｉｅＧｕｓｔａｖｅ　Ｌｅ　Ｃｌｅｚｉｏ，就让我从他的英文翻译作品中再翻译一小段到中文。虽然原文的神韵因为多次翻译，包括我糟糕的中文翻译，而失去十之八九，但是和很多现世的中国作家相比，其中的细细雕琢与触手可及的心血却是让我们汗颜的（那些小小年纪却已经失去反省能力的中国“作家”除外）。

日子是如此之长：也许这是因为夏日的光芒，也许这是因为地平线是如此遥远，远到目光所及空空如也；就仿佛那日赴一如的等待，直到你遗忘所等的是什么。早餐后，Ｍａｏｕ呆在餐厅，坐在油腻腻的窗子旁边；而窗户模糊了外面海的颜色。她在歪着头写。她习惯性的点起一支烟，那种在商店里一百支一买的牌子；她就把烟放在那精雕细琢还有Ｈｏｌｌａｎｄ　Ａｆｒｉｃａ　Ｌｉｎｅ名字的烟缸上，任它燃着……听着水浪拍击悬崖的声音，就如同行进在无穷尽的河流中，她写道：

“Ｓａｎ　Ｒｅｍｏ，

这里有高树巨大的阴影，喷泉，海上的云朵，在温暖空气中飞行的金龟子。

我的双眼能感觉到空气中的冷风。

在我的双手中则握着沉默的来袭。

我正在等待当你注视我的身体所带来的惊颤的愉悦。”

摘自《Ｏｎｉｔｓｈａ》

US economist Paul Krugman wins Nobel Economics Prize

1 hour ago

STOCKHOLM (AFP) — US economist Paul Krugman, a prolific New York Times columnist and fierce critic of Washington's economic policies, won the Nobel Economics Prize on Monday, the Nobel jury said.

Krugman, 55, a Princeton University professor, has formulated a new trade analysis theory which determines the effects of free trade and globalisation, as well as the driving forces behind worldwide urbanisation, the citation said.

Speaking to Swedish public television immediately after the prize announcement, Krugman said the award "obviously will seriously warp my next few days."

"I hope that two weeks from now, I'm back to being pretty much the same person I was before," he said, adding: "I'm a great believer in continuing to do work. I hope it doesn't change things too much."

The Nobel Economics Prize has been especially closely watched this year owing to the ongoing global financial crisis.

A number of experts had predicted that the worldwide crisis would, in the future at least, prompt the Nobel committee to shift its focus further away from the heavily prized liberal market theories widely blamed for the mess.

And by awarding Krugman, a critic of unfettered free-market policies who has focused heavily on globalisation and the developing world, the jury has indeed decided to confront major, civilisation-changing issues.

In his New York Times columns, Krugman has stood out as a harsh critic of the Bush administration's free-market policies.

He was also adamantly opposed to the initial wording of US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson's 700-billion-dollar financial sector bailout plan -- which he described as "financial Russian roulette", although he conceded that a rescue was needed.

On Sunday, he wrote admiringly of the British economic rescue scheme.

"The Brown government has shown itself willing to think clearly about the financial crisis, and act quickly on its conclusions. And this combination of clarity and decisiveness hasn't been matched by any other Western government, least of all our own," he wrote.

After winning the prize, he told the Swedish TT news agency the global financial crisis "has me extremely terrified."

He said: "I'm happier about it now than I was five days ago. I was extremely happy with the European Summit yesterday, so I'm feeling better today, but it's still terrifying.

"I never thought I would see anything that looked like 1931 in my lifetime, but in many ways this crisis does," he added.

While he has had few kind words for George W. Bush's administration, which he has charged with engaging "in a game of deception" on Iraq and the economy, Krugman is even more sceptical of his possible successor John McCain and his pick for vice president.

In a recent column he stated flatly that "the Obama campaign is wrong to suggest that a McCain-Palin administration would just be a continuation of Bush-Cheney. If the way John McCain and Sarah Palin are campaigning is any indication, it would be much, much worse."

The Nobel committee hailed Krugman for his approach "based on the premise that many goods and services can be produced more cheaply in long series, a concept generally known as economies of scale."

His theory shows that globalisation tends to increase the pressures on urban living because specialisation sucks people into these centres of concentration through processes that can result in "regions become divided into a high-technology urbanised core and a less developed 'periphery'," the Nobel jury said.

Traditional trade theory assumes that differences between countries explains why some nations export agricultural products while others export industrial goods. Such a process holds out the prospect that some countries can improve their situations via a process of complementarity.

But Krugman's "theory clarifies why worldwide trade is in fact dominated by countries which not only have similar conditions, but also trade in similar products," the Nobel jury wrote.

His theory helps to explain that globalisation tends towards concentration, both in terms of what a manufacturing base makes, and where it is located.

The Nobel committee has thus focused on an area of economic theory with deep and wide implications for the understanding of how globalisation affects industries, populations, regions and the structure of trade, particularly in developing countries.

The issue of ever greater concentration in cities is a major policy issue everywhere but particularly in developing countries where cities tend to lack adequate infrastructure, and migration to suburbs adds acutely to urban environmental pollution.

Krugman is the author of dozens of books and several hundred articles, primarily about international trade and global finance and was known as creating so-called "new economic geography."

In 1991, he received the American Economic Assiciation's John Bates Clark medal.

He will receive his Nobel gold medal and diploma along with 10 million Swedish kronor (1.42 million dollars, 1.02 million euros) at a formal prize ceremony in Stockholm on December 10.

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Chinese React to Nobel Award

2008-10-10

Online comments registered disappointment after the Nobel Prize for peace was awarded to Finland's ex-president, as the wife of jailed AIDS activist and Nobel nominee Hu Jia reported tighter security.

AFP

Hu Jia speaks from house arrest in Beijing, Jan. 9, 2007.

HONG KONG—Chinese civil rights activists organized an online campaign to support the nomination of jailed AIDS activist Hu Jia to receive this year's Nobel Peace Prize, while others supported the official line warning the Oslo-based committee not to “hurt the feelings of the Chinese people.”

While Beijing's leaders will probably heave a sigh of relief following the announcement Friday that the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to former Finnish president and peace mediator Martti Ahtisaari, reaction online was more mixed.

"Very disappointed," one prominent blogger commented on the live update service Twitter.

Another said, "I guess Hu Jia just wasn't international enough."

"Jinyan," commented a third, addressing Hu Jia's wife, "we should still congratulate you. Not even [Chinese President] Hu, the leader of the biggest mafia gang in the world, has had the honor of a nomination bestowed upon him."

Wife under house arrest

Hu's wife Zeng Jinyan said that in the run-up to the announcement security had been stepped up around her apartment, where she has been kept under tight surveillance by state security police for nearly two years, unable to leave home for long stretches.

Now, whoever is the most fiercely anti-China gets Nobel Peace Prizes."

Nationalist Chinese blogger

"The police are on the staircase now. They won't let me leave," said Zeng, an AIDS activist and blogger who won an award from Paris-based Reporters Without Borders alongside Hu Jia last year.

"I think I'm going to have to stay at home. I can't go out after all. The baby is crying," she wrote via a Chinese update service relayed on Twitter.

"There are plainclothes police at the front and back of my apartment building," she added, just minutes ahead of the announcement.

Shortly after the award was announced, Zeng thanked her supporters.

"I have received so many e-mails and messages in recent days that I haven't had time to reply to them all. I apologize for this. I would just like to say thank you to everyone for their support," she wrote.

Civil rights activists said they had gathered a petition of 10,000 names in support of Hu Jia's nomination in recent weeks and hoped for the encouragement of international recognition that such an award would bring.

"He has done a lot of work and made a lot of personal sacrifices to protect people with HIV/AIDS. I respect his courage and his spirit," Sichuan-based civil rights activist Liu Zhengyou commented on the signature campaign.

Guizhou-based civil rights activist Wu Yuqin said of Hu's nomination: "This is definitely heartening news for us, although the Chinese Communist Party sees it as a threat because it shows an international recognition for civil rights activists in China, and that will make the government feel very uncomfortable."

Nationalist bloggers too

Other commentators were less enthusiastic.

"The Nobel 'Peace' Prize is just a joke now," said one commenter to the Anti-CNN Web site, set up to criticize Western media coverage of China after the Tibetan unrest, which began in Lhasa in March.

"Now, whoever is the most fiercely anti-China gets Nobel Peace Prizes," said another, translated on the international blogging site Global Voices.

"This prominent international award, controlled by Western countries, sure gets aimed around a lot. China wants to rise up and look how hard we have it. Go motherland! The more they try and do stuff like this, the more united we should be."

Chinese officials slammed the nomination of Hu Jia, calling for the award to be given "to the right person."

"If the Nobel Peace Prize is to be awarded to the people who indeed safeguard world peace, we think it should go to the right person," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao told reporters last week.

"We hope the relevant side will make the right decision, and not hurt the feelings of the Chinese people," Liu said.

Exiles hope for a dissident

Exiled Chinese dissidents had also been hoping for the recognition of a Chinese dissident. Civil rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng—whose whereabouts are currently unknown—was also among the nominees.

"I've been to prison, so I know," U.S.-based former 1989 student activist Tang Boqiao said.

"Ninety-nine percent of people would give in to the authorities once they get inside prison. Their will to live would be worn down and they would write a repentance letter," he added.

"A person like [Hu Jia] has dared to stand up to the dictatorship of the proletariat, so they have to use every means possible to grind him down."

Olympics rights campaign

Authorities in Beijing sentenced AIDS activist Hu Jia to 3-1/2 years in jail on April 3 for "incitement to subversion" after he wrote articles online critical of China's hosting of the Olympics.

Hu, 34, who suffers from Hepatitis B, was detained Dec. 27, 2007 after spending months under virtual house arrest because of his civil rights lobbying on behalf of disenfranchised people affected by the Olympics.

Hu's arrest came after he published a number of articles online calling for human rights, in a campaign that was linked to Beijing's hosting of the Olympics this summer.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee chose Ahtisaari to receive the U.S.$1.4 million prize from a field of 197 candidates.

The panel cited his work in helping establish Namibia's independence in 1989-90, his work to resolve a decades-long conflict in Indonesia's Aceh province in 2005, and his efforts to bridge divisions over the status of Kosovo as U.N. special envoy in 2005-07.

Ahtisaari served as Finland's president in 1994-2000.

Original reporting in Mandarin by Zi Jing, and in Cantonese by Grace Kei Lai-see. Mandarin service director: Jennifer Chou. Cantonese service director: Shiny Li. Translated and written for the Web in English by Luisetta Mudie. Edited by Sarah Jackson-Han.

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Ahtisaari wins Nobel Peace Prize

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Ahtisaari wins Nobel Peace Prize

This year's Nobel Peace Prize has been won by peace negotiator Martti Ahtisaari, the Nobel Foundation has announced in Norway's capital, Oslo.

Finland's ex-president has been a UN mediator on Kosovo, helped end the conflict in Indonesia's Aceh province and aided Namibia's independence.

Mr Ahtisaari told Norwegian broadcaster NRK he was "very pleased and grateful" to receive the award.

The laureate wins a gold medal, diploma and 10m Swedish kronor ($1.4m).

The winners were chosen by a secretive five-member Norwegian awards committee from 197 nominations this year.

Namibian agreement

The Nobel committee commended Mr Ahtisaari, 71, "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts".

MAJOR PEACE ROLES

2005: Helps end 30 years of fighting between Aceh rebels and the Indonesian government

2002 onwards: UN special envoy for the humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa

2001: Arms inspector in Northern Ireland conflict

1999: Helps bring end to conflict in Kosovo and in 2005 is appointed UN special envoy for final status talks

1990: Heads UN operation that brings independence to Namibia

The citation continued: "He has figured prominently in endeavours to resolve several serious and long-lasting conflicts," mentioning his roles in Namibia, Aceh, Kosovo and Iraq.

"He has also made constructive contributions to the resolution of conflicts in Northern Ireland, in Central Asia and on the Horn of Africa," it said.

The committee's Ole Danbolt Mjoes said: "These efforts have contributed to a more peaceful world and to 'fraternity between nations' in Alfred Nobel's spirit."

Mr Ahtisaari, who served as Finnish president from 1994-2000, told NRK he thought his biggest achievement was in Namibia.

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Martti Ahtisaari reacts to winning the Nobel Peace Prize "It was absolutely the most important because it took such a long time," he said.

Mr Ahtisaari helped supervise the move to independence from South Africa in the late 70s and supervised framing free and fair elections. Namibia made him an honorary citizen.

Mr Ahtisaari said he hoped the prize money would help finance the organisations he chaired.

"It's very important to be able to act properly, you need financing and you never have enough."

KEY RECENT WINNERS

2007: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Al Gore

2002: Jimmy Carter

2001: UN, Kofi Annan

1994: Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin

1993: Nelson Mandela, FW de Klerk

1991: Aung San Suu Kyi

1990: Mikhail Gorbachev

1989: Dalai Lama

Mr Ahtisaari will receive the prize in Oslo on 10 December, the anniversary of the death in 1896 of the awards' founder, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel.

In keeping with tradition, no candidates were named ahead of Friday's announcement.

But those said to be in the frame. included Zimbabwean politician Morgan Tsvangirai and freed French-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt.

Chinese dissidents Hu Jia and Gao Zhisheng were also leading contenders, prompting Beijing to issue a veiled warning that the prize should go to the "right person".

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